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Richelieu, Cardinal (1585-1642) |
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Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal and Duke of Richelieu, was chief minister to King Louis XIII of France from 1624 until his death shortly before the end of the Thirty Years’ War. To students of diplomacy Richelieu is best known for being the first prominent figure to insist on the importance to a community of states of continuous negotiation between them, the first to create (in 1626) a ministry of foreign affairs, and – despite being a pious Catholic – one of the most successful statesmen in modern European history to apply the doctrine signified by the phrase raison d\'état. The Cardinal\'s Testament Politique, which was written shortly before his death for the private guidance of Louis XIII and did not see the light of day until 1688, contains a succinct distillation of his political and diplomatic wisdom. At one time thought to be a forgery, it is now accepted by historians to be substantially authentic. |
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