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The means adopted to enforce a legal obligation. They may be utilized on an individual or a collective basis. Under the UN Charter the Security Council has the right to take or authorize measures, including armed measures, in face of any threat to or breach of the peace; and in so doing it may intervene in matters which are essentially within a state\'s domestic jurisdiction. Given, on the one hand, the disposition of UN members to favour a broad interpretation of the term ‘threat to the peace’ and, on the other, the ending of the Cold War, the way was opened for the Council to engage in or empower the taking of a variety of measures against those whom it deemed to be lawbreakers. Hence during the last decade of the twentieth century there was a noticeable increase in the number of cases of UN-sponsored collective sanctions. Prominent among them were those directed against Iraq, Libya, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). |
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