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unequal treaty |
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The term applied by the Chinese to the treaties under which they were forced by superior military power to cede or lease land and grant sweeping exterritorial rights to the European powers in the middle of the nineteenth century. The ‘treaty system’ which replaced the previous ‘tributary system’ for dealing with barbarians was established by the Treaty of Nanking in 1842 and the Treaties of Tientsin of 1858 but only finally accepted by the Manchu dynasty after the occupation of Peking in 1860 and the plundering and burning of the Summer Palace. The unequal treaties were not finally abolished until 1943. See also capitulations. |
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| Other Terms : pro-consul | deposit | Japanese secretary |
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